The use of traceological traces in the detection and investigation of crimes in terms of volume and significance traditionally occupies one of the leading places among all trace information seized during inspections of accident sites. Every second inspection of grave and especially grave crimes against life and health, property of citizens is carried out with the removal of traceological traces. Among them, a significant part consists of volumetric footprints (shoe soles, vehicle tires, burglary tools, etc.), which carry criminally significant information about the crime event. The mechanism of formation of such traces under certain conditions makes their relief difficult to distinguish, in fact, the traces become barely visible. The possibilities of increasing the contrast of three-dimensional traces are not sufficiently highlighted in the forensic literature, and the existing methods do not fully allow us to fully convey the displayed signs of trace-forming objects. At the same time, in investigative and expert practice specialists do not use methods to increase the contrast of three-dimensional traces, or they are limited to light-optical ones, which significantly reduces the possibilities of their identification studies. These factors directly affect the effectiveness of using these traces in the detection and investigation of crimes. In the article, the author, based on the analysis of literary sources, studied the optical properties of typical trace-receiving surfaces, including snow cover, the change of which will help to significantly increase the contrast of the three-dimensional traces located on them, thereby significantly increasing their informativeness. Based on the experimental studies conducted by the author, it is confirmed that the most applicable method for these purposes is the aerosol staining method. This method has a number of advantages, which can be used as an additional method of contrasting volumetric traceological traces before fixing them (photographing or copying onto impression masses), as well as a method of searching for barely visible volumetric traces (traces of small relief). When studying the physical and chemical properties of dyes used in the paint industry, the most acceptable aerosol dyes for their intended purpose and color scheme were determined, depending on the condition of the trace-receiving surface (on various types of snow cover or ground surfaces). Specific recommendations have been developed on the use of a staining sequence to exclude the destruction (modification) of the trace and its subsequent fixation. The results of the study can be used in the production of inspections of accident sites and expert research, which will significantly expand the volume of forensic information used to search for an object associated with the event of a crime, including the perpetrators, and to obtain forensic evidence of their involvement in the commission of crimes.
CRIME SCENE EXAMINATION, VOLUMETRIC TRACEOLOGICAL TRACES, INFORMATIVE NATURE OF THE TRACES, TRACES OF SHOE SOLES, METHODS OF CONTRASTING TRACES, STAINING WITH AEROSOLS
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