Relevance of the topic is determined by the imperfection of the arbitration proceedings. The positive experience of the functioning of commercial courts in the Russian empire is almost never used. The paper considers the judiciary commercial vessels after judicial reform in 1832 Particular attention is paid to lighting issues of jurisdiction of the court of mixed composition, characteristics and conditions of the order of election of judges, concluding that the commercial judiciary in the XIX century meet public needs, the degree of development of business relations and dynamically changing trade. The article provides a deep analysis of the structure of commercial vessels and commercial vessels jurisdiction in the second half of the XIX century. The author substantiates the position that an important step in the formation of the legal framework of the organizational activities of commercial vessels has become an institution of commercial vessels and charter commercial litigation in 1832, which laid the basic principles of justice : the election and appointment, tenure of, collegiality, publicity, competence, etc. etc. In this paper, considerable attention to the rationale for the conclusion that the destruction of economic isolation and increasing specialization of certain economic areas, the development of commodity-money relations, the growth of trade and as a consequence an increase in the number of trade disputes, are the characteristic features of the pre-reform and post-reform Russia.