Kaliningrad, Kalinigrad, Russian Federation
Rostov-on-Don, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
Introduction. The article presents the results of a criminological study of legislative initiatives to impose liability in the Russian Federation for the deliberate search for extremist materials in information and telecommunications networks. The article analyzes the legislation that consolidated the transition from the model of persecution for dissemination to control over the consumption of certain types of information in the digital environment. Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of cognition. In addition, a documentary analysis of regulatory legal acts and the federal list of extremist materials was applied; a study of statistical data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on the dynamics of extremist crime over the past 5 years; an expert survey of 20 law enforcement specialists; a comparative legal study of international experience in regulating digital content. Results. The main social determinants of criminalization of citizens' information behavior have been identified: the growth of the digital component of extremist crimes from 22% to 29%, the need for preventive action and a political demand for increased information control. The key law enforcement risks have been identified: the difficulty of proving the subjective side of the offense, the possibility of selective application of the norm, and the potential threat to the constitutional right to freedom of information. A comparative analysis with the Belarusian and British models showed the high social costs of criminalizing content consumption. The study predicts the effect of "freezing" the information activity of citizens and the devaluation of the concept of extremism.
extremism-related activity, responsibility for information search, digital crime, information security, law enforcement risks to regulate, measures to counteract extremism
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