Russian Federation
UDC 343.825
The article focuses on the issues of social effects and the cost of environmental crime based on the general theoretical developments of criminological theory. The author considers the main difficulties related to the formation of a universal approach that makes it possible to analyze accurately the cost of crime and to determine its social effects. It is highlighted that the peculiarity of illegal acts causing harm to the environment determines the content of the principles for social effects assessment and the cost of environmental crime. The methodology used in order to solve this problem will have its own features compared to that used when determining the social effects of so-called index offences. The author examines thoroughly the content of the notions of "social effects of crime" and "cost of crime", apart from it the author dwells on the consideration of the correlation between the notions of "cost of crime" and "social danger". The elements of the cost of environmental crime are analyzed in detail: direct losses, which mean losses associated with the loss of components of the natural environment or its degradation; compensation costs for damage to the life and health of people who are victims of environmental crime; costs of financing the fight against environmental crime and its prevention; and costs of modernization of enterprises engaged in high-risk environmental activities. It is emphasized that all of these elements of the cost of crime can be assessed. In conclusion, the author points out that the insufficient amount of necessary information in public sources does not allow researchers to make precise assessments of the cost of crime and its social effects; meanwhile, this fact should not stop specialists from developing methodological foundations for the study of the social effects of environmental crime and its cost.
environmental crime, cost of crime, social effect of crime, social danger, crime indicators
1. Strilets O. V. The institute of correction of the convicted persons: formation, development and current state. Journal of the Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, 66—74, 2024. (In Russ.).
2. Course of the Soviet criminal law. General part. In 6 vols. Vol. III. Punishment. Moscow: Sci-ence; 1970: 350. (In Russ.).
3. Noi I. S. The essence and functions of criminal punishment in the Soviet state: Political and legal research. Saratov: Publishing house of the Saratov University; 1973: 193. (In Russ.).
4. Sundurov F. R., Talan M. V. Punishment in criminal law. Moscow: Statut; 2015: 256. (In Russ.).
5. Polyiubinskaya S. V. The aims of criminal punishment. Moscow: Science; 1990: 142. (In Russ.).
6. Naumov A. V. Russian criminal law. Course of lectures. In 3 vols. Vol. 1. General part. Moscow: Volters Cluver; 2007: 736. (In Russ.).
7. Criminal Law of Russia. General and Particular Parts. Red. A. I. Rarog. Moscow: TK Welby; Prospect; 2004: 696. (In Russ.).
8. Criminal Law of the Russian Federation. General part. Red. A. S. Sentsov, V. V. Namnyaseva, O. V. Strilets. Volgograd: Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia; 2017: 627. (In Russ.).
9. Commentary to the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation. Red. A. I. Zubkov. Moscow: Norma; 2008: 495. (In Russ.).
10. Pudovochkin Yu. Ye. The responsibility of juveniles in criminal law: history and acting situation. Stavropol: Publishing house of the Stavropol State University; 2002: 256. (In Russ.).
11. Maltsev V. V. Punishment and issues concerning its imposition in criminal law. Volgograd: Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia; 2007: 223. (In Russ.).
12. Mitskevich A. F. Criminal punishment: notion, purposes and mechanisms of activities. Saint Petersburg: Juridical Centre Press; 2005: 327. (In Russ.).
13. Yuzhanin V. Ye. Process of resocialization and its support in criminal proceedings. Ryazan: Institute of Law and Economics of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia; 1992: 115. (In Russ.).
14. Struchkov N. A. Course of correctional la-bor law. The issues of the General Part. Moscow: Yuridicheskaya literatura; 1984: 240. (In Russ.).
15. Rybak M. S. Resocialisation of the con-victed persons to imprisonment: issues of theory and practice. Saratov: Publishing house of the Saratov State Academy; 2004: 480. (In Russ.).
16. Zavrina Ye. Ye., Chernyshov G. N. Problem of resocialisation of the convicted persons. Innovative Economics and Law, 100—103, 2017. (In Russ.).
17. Babayan S. L. To the issue of post-penitentiary resocialization. Institute Bulletin: Crime, Punishment, Correction, 13—19, 2016. (In Russ.).
18. Utkin V. A. Citizen as a participant of probation. Journal of Russian law, 27—36, 2025. (In Russ.).
19. Grishko A. Ya. Probation: from the Correctional Labour Code of the RSFSR 1924 to the law on probation. Bulletin the Tomsk institute of advanced training of officers of the FPS of Russia, 38—46, 2024. (In Russ.).
20. Siryakov A. N., Siryakova Ye. O., Metlin D. G. Probation, correction and education work with the convicts in the context of the federal law "On Probation in the Russian Federation". Matters of Russian and International law, 243—249, 2023. (In Russ.).
