The article examines the stages of detective activity evolution beginning with the primitive-communal system, and early feudalism from the historical and legal site. During this period to determine the place of the criminal in his footsteps was considered to be a kind of art. Professionals in this way have been formed a special social caste, which rules were prescribed the secrets of their art to transmit, from sire to son. Methods of detective investigation varied, depending on the historical situation. At the end of the XV century Russia became a unified state. Its first all-Russian code of law - the Law Book of 1497, which regulated the base and process of crime detection. Besides the mentioned above, in the article analyzes modern scholars’ points of view on the becoming of detective activity as a theory and science.
detective activity, the history of operational investigations’ evolution, theory, science
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