The article considers the prerequisites for the creation and development of corrupt relations in pre-revolutionary Russia and the attempts made by the State to counter governmental and administrative bribery and corruption. Voluntary private compensation for officials other than the person originally had certainly legal, however, in the XIV-XV centuries it became criminal. One of the first legislative restrictions corruption belongs to Ivan the terrible, who first introduced the death penalty as punishment for redundancy in bribes. In the code of 1649, the first time meets the classification of crimes that produce malfeasance. By Peter I in January 1704, issued a Decree on the organization of the Izhora office catching fish, which first introduced the punishment for the mere fact of taking bribes. In the legislation of Catherine II, Alexander I, Alexander III and other rulers attempted to fight corruption in fiscal bodies that were on the financial support of the state, and receiving a handsome salary. In the reign of Nicholas I was adopted the Code of 1845 «About punishments of criminal and Executive» which provides for criminal liability for bribery, the penalty for the Commission of which was expressed in a monetary penalty, twice more against the price received. In addition, indicated two forms of receiving a bribe: a bribe-thanks and bribe-bribery. For the bribery of officials of public authorities and management, in addition to monetary penalties, were subjected to and release from office. The development of these rules in the Decree of Alexander II, issued in November 1862, «On finding the cause and providing the tools to eradicate this ulcer». «The penal code» 1903 formulated a definition officials. Was introduced qualifying attributes such as the Commission of a crime by the employee. This feudal serfdom legal act for a long time I've experienced a serf system, and many articles of this Law was in force until 1917.
Russia, corruption, bribe, message, history
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