The article is devoted to the problem of establishing the species of crabs, which can be objects of illegal production and trafficking, as well as falsification of food products. The article provides examples of the damage caused to the natural resources of the state as a result of uncontrolled fishing of the king crab, which belongs to the valuable species of aquatic biological resources, the specifics of the extraction of which are regulated by the legislation on fishing of the Russian Federation. The possibility of using various methods of species identification of crabs depending on the type of the object under study is shown. The features of the anatomical structure and pigmentation of various crabs are described as well as the significance of the study of morphological features during the initial inspection of fishermen and ships at sea. The developments of domestic and foreign scientists designed to identify the species of crabs using molecular genetic methods are considered: studies of the length polymorphism of restriction fragments of ribosomal genes of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) in agarose gel and determination of the nucleotide sequence of the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene region.
CRABS, AQUATIC BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES, ILLEGAL HARVESTING, CAUSING DAMAGE, MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC IDENTIFICATION
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